The Acquisition of Past Temporality by Two ESL Learners at Different Levels of Proficiency
Abstract
The acquisition of English past temporality has been a topic of discussion in the second language acquisition field. Most of the studies have looked at a case study or a group of learners of the same level of proficiency. The findings indicated that learners with low proficiency level keep relying on using the lexical means as their verbal morphology begin established. No study has compared between two case studies or two group of different level of proficiency to find whether this phenomenon can be true with learners of different level of proficiency. This study sought to find this by examining the development of English past temporality with two case studies of learners of English as a second language. Each learner was interviewed for 20 minutes. The results indicated that there is a difference between the two learners in terms of the level of English past temporality mastery. However, it was found that even the second learner has reached a level of mastery of English past temporality; he still relies on using the lexical means.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bardovi‐Harlig, K. (1994). Reverse‐Order reports and the acquisition of tense: beyond the principle of chronological order. Language learning,44(2), 243-282.
Bardovi-Harlig, K. (2000). Tense and aspect in second language acquisition: form, meaning, and use. Language Learning: A Journal of Research in Language Studies, 50, 1.
Berretta, M.(1995).Morphological markedness in L2 acquisition. Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science Series 4,197-197.
Brindley, G. (1987). Verb tenses and TESOL. Applying second language acquisition research, 173-204.
Chappel, V. A., & Rodby, J.(1982). Verb tense and ESL composition: A discourse level approach.
Cook, V. J. (2008), ‘Linguistic contributions to bilingualism’. In Altaribba & R. Heredia (Eds), An introduction to bilingualism: Principles and Practice, Erlbaum, 245-264
DeCARRICO, J. S. (1986). Tense, aspect, and time in the English modality system. TESOL Quarterly, 20(4), 665-682.
Dietrich, R., Klein, W., & Noyau, C. (1995). The acquisition of temporality in a second language (Vol. 7): John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Dietrich, R., Klein, W., & Noyau, C. (1995). The acquisition of temporality in a second language (Vol. 7): John Benjamins Publishing Company
Dittmar, N., & Terborg, H. (1991). Modality and second language learning: A challenge for linguistic theory. In Huebner, T. & Ferguson, Ch.(Eds), 347-384
Dulay, H. C., & Burt, M. K. (2006). Natural sequences in child second language acquisition. Language learning, 24(1), 37-53.
Dulay, H. S., & Burt, M. K.(1974). Natural sequences in child second language acquisition. Language Learning, 24, 37-53.
Ellis, N., & Collins, L. (2009). Input and second language acquisition: The roles of frequency, form, and function introduction to the special issue. The Modern Language Journal, 93(3), 329-335.
Freeman, D. E. L. (1975). The acquisition of grammatical morphemes by adult ESL students. TESOL Quarterly, 409-419.
Giacalone Ramat, A. (1995). Code-switching in the context of dialect/standard language relations. One speaker, two languages, 45-67.
Huebner, T., & Bickerton, D. (1983). A longitudinal analysis of the acquisition of English: Karoma Ann Arbor, MI.
Kumpf, L. (1983). A case study of temporal reference in interlanguage. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Los Angeles Second Language Research Forum, volII. Los Angeles: Department of English, ESL section, UCLA.
Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers.
Lee, J. (1999). On levels of processing and levels of comprehension. Advances in Hispanic linguistics, 42-59.
Lee, J. F. (1998). The relationship of verb morphology to second language reading comprehension and input processing. The Modern Language Journal, 82(1), 33-48.
Lee, J. F., Cadierno, T., Glass, W. R., & VanPatten, B. (1997). The Effects of Lexical and Grammatical Cues on Processing Past Temporal Reference in Second Language Input. Applied Language Learning, 8(1), 1-23.
Long, M. H., & Sato, C. (1984). Methodological issues in interlanguage studies: An interactionist perspective. Interlanguage, 253, 279.
McCarthy, M. (1991). Discourse analysis for language teachers. Cambridge University Press.
Meisel, J. (1987). Reference to past events and actions in the development natural language acquisition. In C W. Pfaff (Ed.), First and second language acquisition processes (pp. 206-224). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Noyau, C. (1984). The development of means for temporality in French by adult Spanish-speakers: Linguistic devices and communicative capacities. Paper presented at the Studies in second language acquisition by adult immigrants: Proceeding of the ESF/AILA symposium.
Peterson, P. (1998). Past Time Reference in Learner English. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 21-42.
Pienemann, M., & Johnston, M. (1985). Factors influencing the development of language proficiency.
Ramat, A. G. (1992). Grammaticalization processes in the area of temporal and modal relations. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14(03), 297-322.
Ramat, A. G. (1992). Grammaticalization processes in the area of temporal and modal relations. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14(03), 297-322.
Ramat, A. G. (1995). Iconicity in grammaticalization processes. Iconicity in language, 119-139.
Ravem, R. (1968). Language acquisition in a second language environment. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 6(2), 175-185.
Richards, J. C. (1970). A non-contrastive approach to error analysis.
Sato, C. J. (1990). The syntax of conversation in interlanguage development: Cambridge Univ Press.
Schumann, J. (1987). The expression of temporality in basilang speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9(1), 21-41.
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. IRAL-International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 10(1-4), 209-232.
Skiba, R., & Dittmar, N. (1992). Pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic constraints and grammaticalization. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14(3), 323-349.
Trévise, A. (1987). Toward an analysis of the (inter) language activity of referring to time in narratives. First and second language acquisition processes, 225-251.
Van Patten, B. (1996). Input processing and grammar instruction: Theory and research: Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Von Stutterheim, C., & Klein, W. (1987). A concept-oriented approach to second language studies. First and second language acquisition processes, 191-205.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10491
Refbacks
Copyright (c) 2018 AbdulAziz AlShahrani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Online Submission: http://cscanada.org/index.php/sll/submission/wizard
Please send your manuscripts to sll@cscanada.net,or sll@cscanada.org for consideration. We look forward to receiving your work.
We only use three mailboxes as follows to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases: caooc@hotmail.com; sll@cscanada.net; sll@cscanada.org
Articles published in Studies in Literature and Language are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).
STUDIES IN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE Editorial Office
Address: 1055 Rue Lucien-L'Allier, Unit #772, Montreal, QC H3G 3C4, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org
E-mail: office@cscanada.net; office@cscanada.org; caooc@hotmail.com
Copyright © 2010 Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture