Perspective-Taking With Directional Suffixes in Igbo

Mbanefo Chukwuogor, Chinedu Uchechukwu

Abstract


The study of the interaction between space and language has led to numerous findings especially in the cognitive sciences. The domain of space is reflected in language through the linguistic forms (nouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, e.t.c.) that are used to show direction. In Igbo, extensional suffixes have been shown to involve directionality. However, none of the studies have touched on the construal associated with this class of affixes. Consequently, this paper explores the phenomenon of directional affixes in Igbo viz a viz how they encode different perspectives of a directional-motion scene. The study analyzes a corpus of Igbo texts and employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the usage patterns of directional affixes with a special focus on the construal expressed by these suffixes. The findings show that this class of suffixes involve two different perspectives or viewpoints of the directional scene. The first and primary perspective involves focusing on the direction toward the speaker as the deictic center, while the second perspective is secondary and less specific.

Keywords


Igbo; Space; Direction; Deixis; Suffixes; Perspective

Full Text:

PDF

References


Amiridze, N., Davis, B. H., & Maclagan, M. (2010). Fillers, pauses and placeholders. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.

Anderson, S., & Keenan, E. (1985). Deixis. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language Typology & Syntactic Description, Vol. 3: Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon (pp. 259-308). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Belkadi, A. (2021). Deictic Directionality as Associated Motion: Motion Complex Events and Event Integration in African Languages. Empirical Approaches to Language Typology, 163-200.

Bühler, K. (1982 [1934]). The deictic field of language and deictic words. In R. J. Jarvella & W. Klein (Eds.), Speech, place and action (pp. 9-30). New York: Wiley.

Comrie, B. (1985). Tense. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Denny, J. P. (1982). Semantics of the Inuktikut (Eskimo) spatial deictics. International Journal of American Linguistics, 48(4), 359-384.

Diessel, H. (1999). Demonstratives: Form, function and grammaticalization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.

Dixon, R. M. W. (2003). Demonstratives: A cross-linguistic typology. Studies in Language, 27(1), 61-112.

Emenanjo, E. N. (2015). A Grammar of Contemporary Igbo: Constituents, Features, and Processes. Port-Harcourt: M&J Grand Orbit Communications Ltd.

Enfield, N. J. (2003). Demonstratives in space and interaction: Data from Lao speakers and implications for semantic analysis. Language, 79(1), 82-117.

Evans, V. (2007). A glossary of cognitive linguistics. University of Utah Press.

Fagard, B., Zlatev, J., Kopecka, A., Cerruti, M., & Blomberg, J. (2013). The expression of motion events: A quantitative study of six typologically varied languages. Berkeley Linguistics Society, 39, 364-379.

Green, M. (1964). Ibo Village Affairs. London: Frank Cass.

Hanks, W. (2014). Evidentiality in social interaction. In J. Nuckolls & L. Michael (Eds.), Evidentiality in Interaction (pp. 1-11). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Hanks, W. F. (2009). Fieldwork on deixis. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(1), 10-24.

Igwe, E., & Green, M. (1963). A Short Igbo Grammar. London: Oxford University Press.

Jarvella, R., & Klein, W. (Eds.). (1982). Speech, Place and Action: Studies in Deixis and Related Topics. New York: Wiley.

Langacker, R. (1987). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar: Theoretical Prerequisites (Vol. 1). Stanford University Press.

Langacker, R. (1991). Cognitive Grammar. In F. G. Droste & J. E. Joseph (Eds.), Linguistic theory and grammatical description: Nine current approaches (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 75) (pp. 275-306). Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Langacker, R. R. (2008). Cognitive grammar: An introduction. Oxford Scholarship Online. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=116244

Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Levinson, S. C. (2004). Deixis. In L. R. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.), The handbook of pragmatics (pp. 97-121). Oxford: Blackwell.

Levinson, S. C., & Wilkins, D. (Eds.). (2006). Grammars of space: Explorations in cognitive diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Levinson, S., Cutfield, S., Dunn, M., Enfield, N., Meira, S., & Wilkins, D. (Eds.). (2018). Demonstratives in cross-linguistic perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lord, C. (1975). Igbo verb compound and the Lexicon. Studies in African Linguistics, 6, 123-148.

Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. 2 Vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mondada, L. (2016). Challenges of multimodality: Language and the body in social interaction. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 20(3), 336-366. [Online Link]

Onukawa, M. (1999). The Order of Extensional Suffixes in Igbo. AAP.

Onyenwe, I., Uchechukwu, C., & Hepple, M. (2014). Part-of-speech Tagset and Corpus Development for Igbo, an African Language. In Proceedings of LAW VIII - The 8th Linguistic Annotation Workshop (pp.93-98). Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics and Dublin City University.

Özyürek, A., & Kita, S. (2000). Attention manipulation in the situational use of Turkish and Japanese demonstratives. Paper presented at the Linguistic Society of America Conference.

Schapper, A. (2014). Deixis and alignment in typological perspective. In A. Aikhenvald & R. Dixon (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Typology (pp. 299-324). Cambridge University Press.

Schapper, A. (2014). Elevational systems in Alor-Pantar languages. In M. Klamer (Ed.), The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology (pp. 247-285). Berlin: Language Science Press. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Talmy, L. (1972). Semantic Structures in English and Atsugewi. University of California at Berkeley.

Talmy, L. (1975). Figure and Ground in complex sentences. In Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1975), pp. 419-430.

Talmy, L. (1975). Semantics and syntax of motion. In J. Kimball (Ed.), Syntax and Semantics, (Vol. 4, pp. 181-238). New York: Academic Press.

Talmy, L. (1978). The relation of grammar to cognition: A synopsis (pp. 165-205). Proceedings of the 1978 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing. DOI:10.3115/980262.980266

Talmy, L. (1983). How language structures space. In Spatial Orientation (pp 225–282). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-9325-6_11

Talmy, L. (1985). Lexicalization Patterns: Semantic structure in lexical forms. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Cognitive Linguistics Bibliography (CogBib) (Vol.3, pp. 57-148). Cambridge University Press.

Talmy, L. (2000a). Towards a cognitive semantics, 1. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Talmy, L. (2000b). Towards a cognitive semantics, 2. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Uchechukwu, C. (2007). Subject-object switching and the Igbo lexicon. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics (pp.55-76). Published Under the Auspices of the Spanish Cognitive Linguistics Association.

Uchechukwu, C. (2008). The grammaticalization of prepositional markers in Igbo: The example of the verb root -nyé ‘give’. In A. Asbury (Ed.), Essay Asbury Anna, 4, 625-49. https://doi.org/10.1075/la.120.20uch

Weissenborn, J., & Klein, W. (Eds.). (1982). Here and There: Cross-Linguistic Studies on Deixis and Demonstration. John Benjamins Publishing.

Welmers, W. (1970). The derivation of Igbo verb bases. Studies in African Linguistics, 1, 49-59.

Williams, N. (2009). Toward a Linguistic Anthropological Account of Deixis in Interaction: Ini and Itu in Indonesian Conversation. Colorado Research in Linguistics, 22. https://doi.org/10.25810/0ghq-wk77

Zlatev, J. (2007). Spatial semantics. In D. Geeraerts & H. Cuyckens (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics (pp. 318-350). Oxford: Oxford University Press.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/13135

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Higher Education of Social Science

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Share us to:   


Reminder

  • How to do online submission to another Journal?
  • If you have already registered in Journal A, then how can you submit another article to Journal B? It takes two steps to make it happen:

1. Register yourself in Journal B as an Author

  • Find the journal you want to submit to in CATEGORIES, click on “VIEW JOURNAL”, “Online Submissions”, “GO TO LOGIN” and “Edit My Profile”. Check “Author” on the “Edit Profile” page, then “Save”.

2. Submission

  • Go to “User Home”, and click on “Author” under the name of Journal B. You may start a New Submission by clicking on “CLICK HERE”.


We only use three mailboxes as follows to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases:
caooc@hotmail.com; hess@cscanada.net; hess@cscanada.org

 Articles published in Higher Education of Social Science are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).

HIGHER EDUCATION OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Editorial Office

Address: 1055 Rue Lucien-L'Allier, Unit #772, Montreal, QC H3G 3C4, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138 
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net Http://www.cscanada.org 
E-mailcaooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net

Copyright © 2010 Canadian Research & Development Center of Sciences and Cultures