An Assessment of the Management of Adhoc Electoral staff and Electoral Violence in Rivers State of Nigeria 1999 – 2015
Abstract
This study employed the interview technique, focus group discussion and non-participant observation to attempt an assessment of the nexus between the pattern of management of adhoc electoral staff and election violence in Rivers State of Nigeria from 1999 – 2015 under the guidance of four hypotheses. The study was validated using the conventional means of discussion and consultation with the project supervisors and experts in election studies. The Test-retest method was used to establish the reliability of the instruments employed for the study within which percentile ratings and chi-square were employed for data analysis. The study found that the pattern of management of adhoc electoral staff contributed to the rise in the level of election violence within the state under review given that lack of transparency in recruitment, inadequate training, inadequate remuneration and absence of disciplinary measures for erring adhoc electoral staff were of primary significance in election fraud and attendant violence. The study also found that the process of recruitment of adhoc staff was rarely transparent. The study recommends that the government needs to evolve a reliable process of adhoc staff recruitment while providing for adequate training and remuneration in future elections.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ajayi, K. (2007) Election administration in Nigeria and the challenges of the 2007 elections. The Social Sciences, 2(2), 142-151.
Akinyele, S.T. (2007). The impact of Nigerian training programmes on employee performance. Research Journal of Business Management, 19(1), 11-19.
Albert, I.O. (2007). Reconceptualizing electoral violence in Nigeria, In I. O. Albert, D. Marco, & V. Adetula (Eds), Perspectives on the 2003 elections in Nigeria. Abuja: IDASA and Sterling- Holding Publishers.
Amnesty International Publication (2011). Nigeria: Loss of life, insecurity and Impunity in the run-up to Nigeria’s 2011 general election; by Amnesty International. International secretariat.
Amostrong, M. (2009). Handbook of human resource management practice (11th ed.). London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page.
Ani, K. J. (2012). Political violence in Nigeria and peaceful political communication for sustainable. In D. Wilson (Ed.), The Media, Terrorism & Political Communication in Nigeria. Uyo: BSM Resources Ltd..
Aniekwe, C., & Kushie J. (2011). Electoral violence situational analysis: Identifying hot sport in the 2011 general elections in Nigeria for national association for peaceful selection in Nigeria (NAPEN)
Atkinson, P. A., & Coffey, A. (1997). Analysing documentary realities. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (pp.45-62). London: Sage.
Bamgbose, J.A (2012). Election violence and Nigeria’s 2011 general elections. Internatonal Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(1), 2015-219.
Baridam, D. M. (1995). Research methods in administrative science second edition. Port Harcourt: Para Graphics Publishers.
Biereenu-Nnabugwu, M. N. (2013). Between election management bodies and general relections in Nigeria. A prognostic Analysis” in RONPE Review of political Economy. Journal of the Department of Political Science and International Relations, 2(1&2), 92-121.
Bohlander, G., & Snell, S. (2004). Managing human resources (13th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Thomson.
Cohen, D. J. (1990). What motivates trainees?. Training and Development Journal, 15, 81-93.
Cole, G. A. (2002). Personnel and human resource management. Fifth edition Continuum Publishers.
Croft, L. (1996). Management and organization. London: Banker books limited
Ebiziem E. (2015). Electoral violence and sustenance of democracy in Nigeria, A critical appraisal of 2015 presidential election. Journal of Political Science and Leadership Research, 1(8). Retrieved from Http://www.illardpub.org.
Ehinmore M and Ehiabi, S. (2013). Electoral violence and the crisis of democratic experiment in post-colonial Nigeria. Retrieved from Http://www.theartsjournal.org >site>dow.
Eisner, E. W. (1991). The enlightened eye: Qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of educational practice. Toronto: Collier Macmillan Canada.
Emouobohwo O. (2014). The historical causes of electoral violence in Nigerian. Retrieved from Http://stephenieruvw.com>2014/12/15>.
European Union (EU) Election observation mission Federal Republic of Nigeria final report. General elections, 28th March. 2015, 11, April 2015, July 2015
Fadakinte, M. M. (2014, April). Nigeria and election crisis debating the causes. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(6). Retrieved from Http://www.ijhssnet.com >journals>8.pdf.
Frimpong, P. (2012). Electoral violence in Africa causes; Implications and solutions. Retrieved from https://222.mederghana.com...
Gbosi, A. N. (2012). Modern labour economics and policy analysis. Enugu: Pack Publishers.
Haralambos, M., & Holborn, M. (2008). Themes and perspectives (7th ed.). New York: Harper Collins Publishers Limited.
Höglund, K. (2009). Electoral violence in conflict-ridden societies: Concepts causes, and consequences. Terrorism and Political Violence, 21(3), 412-427.
Human Right Watch (2004). Nigeria’s 2003 election: The unacknowledged violence. Retrieved from Http;//www.hrw.org.>nigeria0604.
Human Right Watch (2007). Criminal polities: Violence, Godfathers and corruption in Nigeria.
Ifeanacho, M. I. (2010). Fundamentals of sociology. Port Harcourt: Chibest Publishers.
Igidi (2015). Election violence. The red yellow and blue alert zones. Retrieved from http://www.dialytrust.com.ng/news/politics/election-violence.
Igwe, D. O. (2012). The perception of electoral violence and democratization in Ibadan Oyo State Southwest Nigeria. Democracy and Security, 8(1), 51-71.
Joab-Peterside, S. (2016). Legitimate and Illegitimate use of force in the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria: The Case of Rivers State. Conference paper issued at the Claude Ake School of Government. Choba, Port Harcourt: University of Port Harcourt. Retrieved from http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Conference-Paper-by-Sofiri-Peterside.pdf.
Joab-Peterside, S. (2018). Election and violence in 2016 rerun elections in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Multi-Disciplinary Journal Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 12(4), 28-39.
Kontz, H. O., & Donnel, C. (1980). Management (7th ed.). Tokoyo Mcgraw Hill Book Company.
Kule, A., & Obiyam, A. (2012). Nigeria’s democratic experience in the fourth republic 1999. Retrieved from http: IIbooks.google.com.books
Lopez-printo, R (2000). Electoral management bodies as institutions of governance. A discussion paper sponsored by the bureau for development policy United Nations development programme (UNDP).
Lugman, S., & Azizuddin, M. S. (2010). The fiful path: Presidential authoritarianism, electoral politics and democratization process in Nigeria since 1999. Retrieved from Http://repo.uum.edu.
Mercy Crop (2015). Nigeria’s critical moment: Preventing Election violence. Retrieved from http//222.mercycorps.org>nigerias.cr….
Ngah G., & Kiven J. (2016, Nov.). Cause of election violence in Africa. Democracy Chronicles.
Nnoli O. (1990). The 1987 local government elections in eastern zone of Nigeria: Vol. 1 Case studies.
Nwachukwu, C. C. (1988). Management. Theory and practice. Onitsha: Africana-Fep Publishers Limited.
Nyam, A. (2015). An analysis of the 2003 and 2007 electoral violence in Nigeria. Unpublished Thesis University of Pretoria.
Obakhedo, N. O. (2011). Curbing electoral violence in Nigeria. The imperative of political education. African Research Review International Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(5), serial no: 22
Ochoche S. A. (1997). Electoral violence and national security. Africa Peace Review, 1.
Ojo, O. V. (2014). Turbulent election history: An appraisal of precipitating factors in Nigeria. International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 5(52), Quarter II, 1-18.
Okafor, F. N. (2015). Implications of Electoral violence for the 2015 General elections in Nigeria. A paper presented at a one day voter education training of trainers’ workshop by women Aid Collective in Collaboration with Democratic Governance for Development, at Suncity Hotels, Awka, Anambra State.
Omeiza, M. (2012). Analysis of the structure of Nigeria’s independent national electoral commission (1999-2011). European Scientific Journal, 1, No. 3
Omenma, I. T., & Ibeanu, O. (2017). Disputed elections and the role of the court in emerging democracies in Africa. Retrieved from http://researchgate.net/publication/316696723.
Omojolomoju, O. (2016). Election violence in Nigeria: cause, pains and solutions. Retrieved from Http://authorityingr.com.2016/election.
Omotola, J. S. (2009). “Garrison” democracy in Nigeria: The 2007 general elections and the prospects of democratic consolidation. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 47(2), 195-221.
Omotola, J. S. (2010). Elections and democratic transitions in Nigeria under the Fourth Republic. African Affairs, 109 (437), 535-553.
Omotola, J. S. (2011). Explaining electoral violence in Africa’s new democracies. African Journal on Conflict Resolution, 10(3), 52-73.
Oni, S., Chidoze. F, C., & Agbude, A. G. (2013). Electoral politics in the fourth republic of Nigeria’s democratic governance. Developing Countries Studies, 3(12). Retrieved from Http://www.iliste.org.
Onimisi, T., & Tinuola, O. L. (2019). Appraisal of the 2019 post-electoral violence in Nigeria. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(3), 107-113.
Report of the Registration and Election Review Committee (RERC) (2012).
Salehyan, I., & Linebarger, C. (2014). Elections and social conflict in Africa, 1990-2009. Studies in Comparative International Development, 50(1), 23-49.
Shamsudeen K, B. (2015). Political and electoral violence in Nigeria: Mapping, evolution and patterns (June 2006 – May 2014). Infra Nigeria working papers series, No. 49.
Sims, R. (2002). Organizational success through effective human resources management. Westport, Connecticut: Quorum Books.
Suberu, R. T. (2007). Nigeria’s muddled elections. Journal of Democracy, 18(4), 95-110.
Ugoh, S. C. (2004). Electoral malpractice and violence in the 2003 general elections in Nigeria UNILAG Journal of Politics, 1(1).
Uzuegbunam. A. O. (2009). Peace and conflict resolution in Nigeria: A reader (I. C. Miriam, Ed.). Owerri: Spectrum Books limited.
Waleola E. (2015). A critical evaluation of electoral management bodies in Nigeria and the perennial problem of electoral management since independence in 1960. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR), 2(5).
Wordu S. A. (2004). Introduction to psychology and political consultancy. Port Harcourt: Biz Page Nigeria limited.
Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Yoroms, G. (2014). Electoral violence, arms proliferations and electoral security in Nigeria: Lessons from the twenty-fifteen elections for emerging democracies. Retrieved from Http://www.inecnigeria.org>uploads>201.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/12178
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Stanley Chinedu Igwe
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Remind
We are currently accepting submissions via email only.
The registration and online submission functions have been disabled.
Please send your manuscripts to ccc@cscanada.net,or ccc@cscanada.org for consideration. We look forward to receiving your work.
Articles published in Cross-Cultural Communication are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Editorial Office
Address: 1055 Rue Lucien-L'Allier, Unit #772, Montreal, QC H3G 3C4, Canada.
Telephone: 1-514-558 6138
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org
E-mail:caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net
Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture